In a similar way that water application can have a massive impact on vine growth, the application of nutrients, in terms of quantity, type and timing can heavily influence the outcome of a season. As grapes are harvested and the fruit and stalks removed from a vineyard, the nutrients that contributed to that plant matter are removed from the vineyard as well. Without replacement of these nutrients, the vineyard will end up in a nutrient deficit. It is advisable that as a minimum the nutrients removed are replaced, with consideration of the efficiency of application and possible losses.

Nutrients contribute to plant and fruit development in different ways, and knowledge of the various roles that different nutrients have, and how to make the most of the efficiency and timing of application will give growers the best chance of arriving at a good result for each growing season.

Practical

Nitrogen Fertilisation – Vitinotes 
https://www.awri.com.au/wp-content/uploads/1_nutrition_nitrogen_fertilisation.pdf

Phosphorous Fertilisation – Vitinotes
https://www.awri.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2_nutrition_phosphorus_fertilisation.pdf

Potassium Fertilisation – Vitinotes
https://www.awri.com.au/wp-content/uploads/3_nutrition_potassium_fertilisation.pdf

Trace Elements – Vitinotes
https://www.awri.com.au/wp-content/uploads/4_nutrition_trace_elements.pdf

Practical overview (USA)
https://grapes.extension.org/monitoring-grapevine-nutrition/

Technical

Viticare on farm trials- Manual 2.5

• Managing Nitrogen inputs to optimize grape yield and quality;
  
• Detecting phosphorous response in vineyards – forms of P, application methods and rates; Molybdenum and other trade element trials :

https://www.awri.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/on-farm-trials-manual-2-5.pdf

Post-harvest care of grapevines – Irrigation and Nutrition (technical factsheet)
https://www.wineaustralia.com/getmedia/71d11299-dddd-4cc4-ac8f-9b3e94df6170/201404_post-harvest-care-of-grapevines-irrigation-and-nutrition.pdf

Grapevine nutrition Literature review (CRC Viticulture, MVWI)
https://grapes.extension.org/monitoring-grapevine-nutrition/

Vineyard Nutrition Management (Book Excerpts)
http://www.wine-grape-growing.com/wine_grape_growing/wine_grape_growing_chapters/ch16_vineyard_nutrient_management.htm

Winegrape nutrition and fertilizer application for sustainable production (Overview, detailed paper)
https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/1158127/Winegrape-nutrition-and-fertiliser-application-for-sustainable-production.pdf